01. The Quantum Threat
Quantum computers use qubits to perform calculations that would take classical computers millions of years. This includes breaking the mathematical foundations of current encryption like RSA and ECC.
02. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC)
PQC refers to cryptographic algorithms (usually based on lattices, codes, or multivariate equations) that are thought to be secure against both quantum and classical computers.
FAQ
When will quantum computers break RSA?
Experts estimate that large-scale quantum computers capable of breaking RSA-2048 could be available by the mid-2030s. This is why NIST is standardizing new algorithms now.
Is HTTPS quantum-safe?
Current HTTPS (using TLS 1.3) typically uses RSA or Elliptic Curve crypto, which are NOT quantum-safe. We need to transition to 'Hybrid' or 'PQC' key exchanges.